Big Bang

We are looking at the same sky that existed thousands of years ago. Some of those stars are dead already but their light is still traveling the universe and getting to us. And some are born and their light has not gotten here yet. So, nobody knows how the sky really is. We study what we see, and what we see is not always what exists. Everything is transforming and will continue transforming, because matter is still the same that existed millions of years ago. So, it is true that when we look up at the night sky, in a way we are looking back in time. This applies to the novel because it demonstrates how we are eternal, because matter is simply trapped energy that cannot be either created or destroyed. Also, some truths are well beyond our reach. We can never trust what we see, because what we see might not even be there...like the night sky. We end up with the same question...where did the universe come from? And not knowing that answer makes it all more beautiful, because every individual has their own explanation.

Image: awinkandasmile.wordpress.com

MARX

Material, economic, and social relations are the basis of society.

1. The first image depicts the conditions of production. In a place where the weather is tropical, crops such as sugarcane, coffee, and corn could be produced. Therefore, one could create a monopoly with any of these crops in any tropical area. One must take advantage of the climatic conditions and use it to one´s own benefit. I will focus on the production of sugar cane.

2. The second image depicts the means of production. We know that sugarcane can be harvested in this tropical area, so we will focus in taking it to the next level and increase productivity. Before, slaves were sent to do the arduous work. It was dangerous since they could get cut, and the heat is extreme. Sugarcane is also crowded with ants. Then, people would work in the plantation for miserly wages. Nowadays, its more common to see machines in a sugarcane plantation, since they cut down wages and accelerate productivity, thus being beneficial for the owner.

3. The third image is a contrast between those who own the means of production, and those who actually work all day in the fields. Here the division of labor is clearly seen. A poor worker goes all day out to the field and gets a salary. The owner pays the worker a tiny sum for the huge amount of work, but the owner also gets a lot of money from the sugarcane production. S., in a way, the owner of the means of production is not necessarily the one out there working his butt off.


HUMAN SCIENCES
I can connect this to the human sciences through economy. One of the bases for an orderly society is a thriving economy. Therefore, the more developed this economy is, the better the society is. However, the economy must be handled well, there must be equality, because a disorganized economic system can lead to unemployment, then desperation, and lastly revolution.

ETHICS
I can connect the bases of society to ethics. This is because ethics are moral duties or obligations that reside in all of us. However, without a stable economy, how can there be ethics? Desperate people only care about themselves. People will not cooperate with one another to achieve a more orderly society. It would then be a society condemned to failure. Therefore, the economy and means of production must be well established so the ethics in a society are correctly enforced.


http://www.google.hn/imgres?imgurl=http://www.agronamex.com/sugar_cane.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.agronamex.com/pepper.htm&usg=__bcVGwfxg97k5H4ltIT6dCKRe19Y=&h=300&w=400&sz=37&hl=es&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=7O4GQqp8sVDwgM:&tbnh=153&tbnw=229&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsugar%2Bcane%26hl%3Des%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D509%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=555&vpy=140&dur=590&hovh=178&hovw=237&tx=138&ty=104&ei=JHedTKjKK4T58AbC6PCBDQ&oei=JHedTKjKK4T58AbC6PCBDQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0
http://www.google.hn/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Sugarcane_harvest_Piracicaba_05_2009_5783.JPG&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sugarcane_harvest_Piracicaba_05_2009_5783.JPG&usg=__XhL4ykJhPtT4scqo7jss5nwKndE=&h=800&w=1200&sz=1111&hl=es&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=7SYVgMC6Y31aYM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=164&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtools%2Bfor%2Bharvesting%2Bsugar%2Bcane%26hl%3Des%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D509%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:10,780,78&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=708&vpy=179&dur=3602&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=227&ty=92&ei=HnidTPmiHYP88Abw-42fDQ&oei=HnidTPmiHYP88Abw-42fDQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:0&biw=1024&bih=509

http://www.google.hn/imgres?imgurl=http://www.topnews.in/files/Sugarcane_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.topnews.in/government-confirms-decline-sugarcane-output-17-pc-2166027&usg=__0Rjw18iHt5nRpg7S71Lgfjvl_wM=&h=300&w=399&sz=51&hl=es&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=97cwb3ZIitk6SM:&tbnh=163&tbnw=217&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsugarcane%2Bproduction%26hl%3Des%26gbv%3D2%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D466%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=371&vpy=166&dur=1769&hovh=195&hovw=259&tx=156&ty=191&ei=m3ydTO3_OcP-8AaciZmYDQ&oei=m3ydTO3_OcP-8AaciZmYDQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0

Natural Sciences Innate ideas

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/BIE/BIE_images/ioLoadImage.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/NSP/83761.htm&usg=__SS76u-1QBprtYYUDnAQ8U3nMI_8=&h=410&w=565&sz=268&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=1reB5L66__wXFM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnatural%2Bsciences%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D922%26bih%3D364%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C147&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=530&vpy=74&dur=506&hovh=128&hovw=176&tx=140&ty=117&ei=mx2ETKm9JYP98AbTjvlb&oei=mx2ETKm9JYP98AbTjvlb&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0&biw=922&bih=364

Global Issue: Biodiversity



http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dylanfraser.com/photos/research-02.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dylanfraser.com/research-projects/&usg=__wsabsjxOcW71Wkx6A7A30_spuhY=&h=446&w=300&sz=48&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=eoMvlw0z-0yiaM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbiodiversity%2Bconservation%2Bfish%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D922%26bih%3D364%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&ei=bR6ETIDjLYH_8AapleG-Ag

Aristotle

No Innate Ideas

For Aristotle the highest degree of reality was the one that we perceive through our senses. Unlike Plato, who stated that the highest degree of reality is that which we think with our reason.

NATURAL SCIENCES

What are the implications of introducing non-native or exotic species into an environment? This affects the diversity of life on Earth. The problem of Biodiversity should be taken into consideration. This problem is better understood when it is perceived through the senses. Biodiversity is not just an ´´idea´´ of something that is happening. It is a fact, and people around the globe are sensing its repercussions. This was happening ever since people started introducing commercial species into an environment. And then, the idea of biodiversity arose.Therefore, the ´´form´´ biodiversity came well before the ´´idea´´ biodiversity.

http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/simberloff.html

This can be seen in Lake Yojoa in Honduras. Other species of fish lived in the lake before tilapia was introduced into it. Due to the fact that tilapia are larger fish than the native species in Yojoa, the tilapia eventually obliterated the native species. This took place before people came up with the ´´idea´´ that introducing tilapia would exterminate the previous species. Therefore, what we perceive through our senses comes before we conceive the ´´idea´´.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.toptenz.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/smart-baby1-300x257.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-strangest-philosophies.php&usg=__UNDjI9Cx96vwZ1S_1DdR1yhEZ-Q=&h=257&w=300&sz=19&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=1YLMHYixXSTNCM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=183&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dno%2Binnate%2Bideas%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D922%26bih%3D364%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C39&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=553&ei=URyETPTRJcGC8gaV5NDvAQ&oei=ShyETKGWEsP88AaxzOyEBA&esq=2&page=1&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&tx=130&ty=64&biw=922&bih=364

IMAGE

http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/08/10/opinion/Whoever-Reads-Resize.533.jpg

ART

1. I believe the intention of the artist was to protest against German nationalism and militarism, the causes that fueled World War I. The quality of the work is really good, and John Heartfield is mostly known for his mastering in the art of photomontage. I believe the response of the audience during those times was quite ambivalent. On one side, there are the Germans like John Heartfield who are against the war. They feel the need to find a place in which to express their ideas freely. On the other side, there was the strong sense of German Nationalism. Due to the fact the Treaty of Versailles had been unfair to them, they felt the need to fight for their country.


2. John Heartfield wanted to imitate reality in the sense that he wanted to imitate what he and many other Germans felt towards War. The reality he wants to convey is one of feelings, an ambiguous but at the same time concrete one because many Germans felt oppressed during the war.
Through his artwork he wants to portray the social values and cultural trends of a contemporary world facing a disastrous period of war.
He wants to show the people that there is no purpose in war, the only outcome it has is oppression and lack of freedom of speech. Here the human subject has been reduced to nothingness, just like people during times of war when they lose their identity and sometimes fight for a cause they do not even understand.

http://wwar.com/master/movments/dadaism.html

Bandura Bobo Doll Experiment

The Bobo doll experiment was conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961 and studied patterns of behaviour associated with aggression.

Bandura carried out this study to look at social learning, where people learn through imitation. He used children, because they generally have less social conditioning. Bandura wanted to expose children to adult models exhibiting either aggressive or nonaggressive behaviors. Then, in a new environment without the adult model, he wanted to observe whether or not the children imitate these adult model aggressive (or nonaggressive) behaviors.

Bandura found that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model.

http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Bobo_doll_experiment
http://www.freewebs.com/pickleheadsgang/bobo%20doll.jpg